A characteristic of the Japanese school system are entrance exams, and with them a high competitiveness among students. Most high schools, universities, as well as a few private junior high schools and elementary schools require applicants to write entrance exams. In order to pass entrance exams to the best institutions, many students attend special preparation schools (juku) besides regular classes, or for one to two years between high school and university (yobiko).
The Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has played the central role in developing the curriculum standards for schools, including special education centers.
The commission proposed :
- Stressing the importance of parental involvement, volunteer activities, moral education, and equal and fair treatment of students;
- Developing the talents of individuals by the introduction of small-group activities, individualized instruction, implementing a learning achievement test to measure academic growth, and allowing students to earn university credits while in high school;
- An evaluation system for schools, creating “community schools” and hiring career counseling specialists;
- Developing a system that recognizes a teacher’s individual efforts and increasing both pre-service and continuing education training opportunities for teachers.
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